I-OLINK TECHNOLOGY NEWS---- IYINI IHhanisi Lezintambo?
Amahhanisi ezintambo ayinhlanganisela enezintambo eziningi ezinqanyuliwe ezinqunyiwe noma eziboshwe ndawonye.Le mihlangano yenza kube lula ukufakwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza imoto.Futhi zenzelwe ukusebenzisa isikhala esincane ngaphakathi kwemoto, ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ocingweni, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamaphoyinti okunamathiselwe avikelekile, ngalokho kusiza ukuhlangabezana nezinselele zokudlidliza, ukungqubuzana, nezinye izingozi.
MANGAKI AMAHHANSI NGEMOTO NGAYONYE?
Izimoto namaloli zinamahhanisi ahlukene ezinhlelo eziningi ezisebhodini, okuhlanganisa: ibhethri namandla, amasethi omlilo, ikholomu yokuqondisa, i-cruise control, i-anti-lock braking, iqoqo lenkomba (ideshibhodi), ukukhanya kwangaphakathi, ukuphepha kwangaphakathi nokuphepha, ngaphambili- izibani zokugcina, izibani zangemuva, izicabha (izingidi nezilawuli zamafasitela), izintambo ze-trailer-hitch, futhi kamuva nje, amasistimu ekhamera yangemuva, uxhumo lweselula ne-bluetooth, ne-GPS noma amasistimu wokuzulazula ngesathelayithi.Okunye ukulinganisa, okubangelwa inkampani ehlola izintambo i-Cirris Systems kumagazini we-Assembly, ukuthi isilinganiso senani lamahhanisi ngemoto ngayinye singama-20.
INANI LOCINGO NOKUQEDA
Imoto ehlangene noma i-“C-class” inocingo olungu-1.2 km, kanti ngaphezu kuka-90% walokhu ingu-0.5 mm ububanzi, noma ngaphezulu, ngokwethulo elise-CRU’s 2012 Wire and Cable Conference kaFrancois Schoeffler we-Acome.Ikilasi elihlangene linenani elikhulu kunawo wonke lanoma iyiphi ingxenye.Ngo-2013, abakhi bezimoto bakhiqize izimoto ezihlangene eziyizigidi ezingama-26 – u-30% wokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zonyaka namaloli amancane.Lokhu kusho ukuthi izintambo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 zamakhilomitha asetshenziselwa izimoto ezihlangene ngonyaka odlule.
Umkhiqizi wezimoto waseJalimane i-BMW ithi amasistimu kagesi ezinhlotsheni zawo ezinkulu kakhulu angaba namakhebula afinyelela ku-3 km namasistimu amakhebula anesisindo esifika ku-60 kg.Esethulweni sango-2013 se-Electrical Wire Processing Technology Expo, uDkt. Don Price, isikhulu sakwaFord Motor Co. kanye ne-US Council For Automotive Research, waphawula ukuthi kukhona “ama-cut lead” angu-1 000 (amaphethelo ocingo) ngemoto ngayinye ezintanjeni. amahhanisi.
I-Harness ComplexITY
Ngokungeziwe enanini elikhulu lokunqanyulwa, abaklami bamahanisi kufanele babhekane nezinhlobonhlobo zezidingo zosayizi wezintambo, ukwethembeka kwendawo ezungezile, kanye nokufaka kalula, konke kuyilapho benciphisa usayizi wamahanisi usuwonke, isisindo, kanye nezindleko.Ngokuvamile, amahhanisi enzelwe amamodeli athile noma amapulatifomu.Yebo, amamodeli amaningi ezimoto anga-odwa ngezici ozikhethela zona, noma inhlanganisela yamasethi ezici.Lokhu kwengeza elinye izinga lobunkimbinkimbi bendawo yokuhlanganisa - ukubeka, ukuphatha, kanye nokufaka amasethi amahanisi ayinkimbinkimbi ahlukene.Ngakho-ke, amahhanisi nawo aklanyelwe ukwenza kube lula ukuphatha ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa.
Kwesinye isikhathi imisebenzi eminingi iqoqwa ndawonye, nabakhi bamahanisi bahlinzeka ngehhanisi lomzimba oyinhloko, noma ezinye izihlanganisi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezintambo eziningi eziqoshwe noma ezisongwe ndawonye.Izibonelo zifaka amahhanisi eminyango noma amahhanisi angaphambili asetshenziswa ezinye izinkampani.
IZIDINGO ZOKUTHEMBEKA OKUPHEZULU
Ezinye izintambo ezimotweni zisekela izici zokuphepha ezibalulekile.Isibonelo, izintambo zesiteringi, ukubhuleka, nezilawuli zenjini kufanele zihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziqinile zokuthembeka, okuhlanganisa ukucaciswa kwebanga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, nokugqwala.Lezi zidingo zithinta ama-conductor, ukunqanyulwa, nezinto zokugqoka amajakhethi.Izimoto nazo zingaba nezixhumi ezingaba ngu-30 ezinhlelweni ezilawula ama-airbag, indawo yokuhlala, nezinye izithiyo zokuphepha.
ENZIWA KANJANI AMAHHANSI?
Ukukhiqizwa kwamahhanisi kufaka phakathi izinto nezinqubo ezilandelayo:
- ukusika ucingo oluvalekile lube ngobude obucacisiwe
- ukukhumula i-insulation ekugcineni
- ukukhweza ukunqanyulwa, amapulaki, noma izihloko
- ukubeka ubude bekhebula elinqanyuliwe ebhodini noma kuhlaka
- ukunamathisela izinsimbi, iziqeshana, noma itheyiphu ukuhlanganisa ubude bekhebula ndawonye ezindaweni ezifanele
- ukufaka amashubhu, imikhono, noma itheyiphu ukuze uvikeleke, uqine, futhi uqine
- ukuhlolwa kanye nesitifiketi
Kulolu hlu, inqubo yesithathu, ukukhweza ukunqanyulwa, inezinyathelo eziningi nokuhluka kuye ngohlobo lomqhubi kanye nohlobo lwesixhumi.Ukucutshungulwa kokunqanyulwa kungabandakanya ukwelashwa okuhlukile okungaphezulu kwamakhondatha, ukubopha, ukubopha, nokuvala, nokunamathisela amabhuzu ahlukahlukene, iziqeshana, izinto zokudonsa, noma izindlu.
UKUHLANGANISA NGEMANDLA AKUVELEKE
Imishini ingafeza ngokuphumelelayo ezinye zezinqubo zamahhanisi ezibalwe ngenhla, njengokusika, ukukhumula, nokucwiya.Uma kungenjalo, kunomsebenzi omkhulu ohilelekile ekumiseni izintambo nokunamathisela ihadiwe.I-BMW ihlinzeka ngokuqaphela okulandelayo encazelweni yamahhanisi ezimotweni zayo: “Ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bawo obuphezulu, amahhanisi ezintambo akhiqizwa kuphela ngenqubo ezenzakalelayo ngama-run amancane kakhulu.Cishe u-95% wokukhiqiza wenziwa ngesandla kulokho okubizwa ngamabhodi okuklama. "
UKUHWEBELWA KWAMANYE AMAZWE AMAHHANSI EZINWAMBO
Ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzi bayingxenye enkulu yezindleko zabo zokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi bamahhanisi bebelokhu bakha izimboni ezintsha emazweni anamazinga aphansi abasebenzi.Abenzi bezintambo bakha amafekthri amasha njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokwandisa noma njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokushintsha umkhiqizo uye ezimakethe ezishibhile.Kwezinye izimo, isidingo sezimboni ezintsha sihlotshaniswa namamodeli emoto amasha noma izitshalo zokuhlanganisa izimoto ezintsha.
I-MEXICO IHOLELA EKUTHUNYELWENI KWE-HARNESS
Ngokolwazi lwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, amazwe ayi-11 athumele ngaphezu kuka-US$1 bhiliyoni wamahhanisi ezintambo zezimoto ngo-2013. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Mexico kwamanye amazwe bekukukhulu, kumadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6.5.I-China ilale isibili, nge-US$3.2 billion, ilandelwa yiRomania, Vietnam, US, Morocco, Philippines, Germany, Poland, Nicaragua, neTunisia.Laba bathumeli bangaphandle abaphezulu babonisa indima yaseMpumalanga Yurophu, eNyakatho Afrika, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ekukhiqizweni kwamahhanisi emhlabeni jikelele.Nakuba iJalimane ingeyona imakethe yezabasebenzi ebiza kancane, izinkampani ezimbalwa ezinkulu zamahhanisi zinekomkhulu, amalebhu okuklama nokuhlola, kanye nezikhungo zezokuthutha eJalimane.(Isilayidi 7)
INDIMA YEZImakethe EZISAPHUMAYO
Ngo-2003 ukuthunyelwa kwehhanisi emhlabeni wonke kwaba nesamba semali eyizigidigidi ezi-US$14.5, kwathi ama-US$5.4 athunyelwa evela emazweni asesigabeni sezimakethe ezithuthukile kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-9.1 athunyelwa evela ezimakethe ezisafufusa.Ngo-2013, ukuthunyelwa kwehhanisi emhlabeni kwase kukhuphuke nge-CAGR ka-9% yaya ku-$34.3 billion.Izimakethe ezisafufusa zenze ingxenye enkulu yalokhu kukhula, njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwazo kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke nge-CAGR ka-11% kuya ku-$26.7 billion.Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuvela ezimakethe ezithuthukile kukhuphuke nge-CAGR ka-4% yaya ku-$7.6 billion.
UKUKHULA KWEZINDABA ZOKUTHUNYELWA KWEZINDABA
Phezu kwamazwe ayi-11 ngo-2013 anezimpahla zokubopha izimoto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezingaphezu kwesigidigidi saseMelika, kube namazwe angama-26 anamahhanisi athunyelwa ngaphandle aphakathi kuka-$100 million no-US$1 billion, kanye namanye angama-20 athumela ngaphandle phakathi kuka-US$10 million no-US$100 million.Ngakho-ke amazwe angama-57 abalele isamba sika-2013 sokuthumela amahhanisi esiyizigidigidi ezingama-US$34.
IZImakethe EZINEZINHLANGANO EZINTSHA
Amanye amazwe anamahhanisi athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aphakathi kuka-US$10 million kanye ne-US$100 million asanda kufika embonini - ukukhiqizwa kwamahhanisi kuqale eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu edlule futhi kudlondlobala kakhulu.I-Cambodia, ngokwesibonelo, yayingenawo ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwazero kwaze kwaba ngu-2012, lapho i-Yazaki ne-Sumitomo Wiring Systems isungula izimboni zamahhanisi lapho.Imboni kaYazaki yavulwa ngasekupheleni konyaka.Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Cambodia kwamanye amazwe bekungama-US$17 wezigidi ngo-2012 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-74 ngo-2013, okuwukukhula konyaka nonyaka ngama-334%.AbakwaFord Motors baphinde bavula imboni entsha yokuhlanganisa eCambodia ngo-2013.
Omunye omusha yiParaguay.I-Fujikura yavula imboni yokuhlanganisa izintambo lapho ngo-Okthoba 2011 futhi yanweba ukusebenza ngeplanti yesibili ngoSepthemba 2013. I-Paraguay futhi inesikhungo esisha sokuhlanganisa izimoto - i-Dongfeng ne-Nissan ehlangene eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-2011. Ezinye izimakethe ezibonisa ukukhuphuka okukhulu ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eminyakeni yamuva nje kufaka i-Costa Rica, i-El Salvador, i-Egypt, i-Macedonia, i-Moldova, ne-Serbia.
IZINTO EZITHUNYELWAYO CISHE AMA-75% EYONKE EMAKETHI
Idatha yezohwebo iwusizo ukukhombisa indima yezimakethe zemisebenzi ebiza kancane embonini yomhlaba yokuhlanganisa izintambo, kodwa abenzi bezimoto abaningi basebenzisa amahhanisi enziwe ezweni elifanayo.Isibonelo, idatha yokuhweba ibonisa ukuthunyelwa okuqinile kwamahanisi okuvela e-China, e-India, e-Indonesia, e-Mexico, e-Morocco, nakwamanye amazwe nawo anezimboni zokuhlanganisa izimoto namaloli.I-CRU ilinganisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo zezintambo sekuphelele ngo-2013 kwakungamadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-US $43, okuhlanganisa kokubili amahhanisi asekhaya nalawo avela kwamanye amazwe.
I-HARNESS VALUE NGEMOTO NGAYONYE
Idatha yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe iyatholakala ngokwenani (US$) nesisindo (kg).Amazwe afana ne-Argentina, i-Canada, i-Italy, i-Sweden, ne-UK anezitshalo zokuhlanganisa izimoto noma amaloli kodwa awekho amafekthri okubopha.Emazweni anjalo, idatha yokungeniswa kwezintambo ingahlukaniswa ngenani lezimoto ezikhiqizwayo ukuze kutholwe inani elimaphakathi nesisindo samahhanisi ezintambo ngemoto ngayinye.Imiphumela ibonisa ububanzi phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene, okubonisa ukuxutshwa kosayizi wemoto ohlukile kanye nezigaba zamanani (isici) ezenziwe ezweni ngalinye.
Ngo-2013, isibonelo, inani lamahhanisi ngemoto ngayinye lalisuka ku-US$300 e-Argentina laya ngaphezu kuka-US$700 kwezinye izimakethe e-W. Europe.Umehluko udalwe ukuxutshwa kwezinhlobo zezimoto ezikhiqizwayo, amazwe afana neJalimane, iSweden, ne-UK anesibalo esiphezulu sezimoto ezinkulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu.Isilinganiso senani lamahhanisi ngemoto ngayinye e-Italy sasingu-$407, kanti ingxube yase-Italy yezimoto ezincane, ezinosayizi omaphakathi, nezinkulu ifana nengxube yomhlaba wonke.
IZINDLEKO ZAMAHhanisi Abenzi Bezimoto ZIYAKHULA
Uma kubhekwa ingxubevange yezinhlobo zezimoto kanye nokwehluka okubanzi kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe, i-CRU ilinganisele isilinganiso senani lamahhanisi emhlabeni wonke ngemoto ngayinye cishe ngama-US$500 ngo-2013. Leli nani linyuke nge-CAGR ka-10% lisuka ku-$200 ngo-2003. okuphawulwe ngaphambilini, ukwenyuka kwamanani ethusi kube negalelo elincane ekukhuphukeni kwezindleko zamahhanisi, kodwa isici esiyinhloko kube ukwanda kwenani lokunqanyulwa kwemoto ngayinye.
IDATHA YOKUHLANGANISA AMATHINI
Isebenzisa imininingwane yohwebo mayelana nokungeniswa kwamahhanisi ngamathani, i-CRU ilinganisele isilinganiso samakhilogremu ezintambo ngemoto ngayinye ezimotweni namaloli amancane akhiqizwe emhlabeni wonke ngo-2013 ukuze abe ngu-23 kg.Amanani ngokwezwe asukela ngaphansi kuka-10 kg ngemoto ngayinye kwezinye izimakethe ezisafufusa ezinephesenti eliphezulu lamamodeli ayisisekelo noma amancane, ukuya ngaphezu kuka-25 kg ngemoto ngayinye kwezinye izimakethe ezithuthukile ezinezimoto ezinkulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu.
I-AVERAGE IHARNESS Isisindo NGEMOTO NGAYO
Isilinganiso sasingu-13 kg ngemoto ngayinye e-Argentina, i-18 kg e-Italy, i-20 kg e-Japan, kanye ne-25 kg e-UK.Futhi, naphezu kobubanzi phakathi kwezigaba zezimoto namazwe, kukhona ukuthambekela okucacile kokukhuphuka kwe-kg ngemoto ngayinye kuwo wonke amazwe kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2013. Isilinganiso somhlaba sasingu-13.5 kg ngemoto ngayinye ngo-2003, 16.6 ngo-2008, kanye no-23.4 ngo-2013. Isisindo samahanisi ngemoto ngayinye sihlanganisa isisindo sezintambo ezivalekile, izinqamuli, izinsimbi, iziqeshana, othayi bekhebula, amashubhu okuvikela, imikhono, netheyiphu.Osayizi bekhondatha bangasukela ku-0.5 mm2 ukuya ngaphezulu kuka-2.0 mm2, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza.
UBANI OWENZA AMAHASHI?
Inqwaba yamahhanisi ezintambo zezimoto yenziwa abakhiqizi bezingxenye zezimoto abazimele kanye nezinkampani ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ngamahhanisi ezintambo.Emashumini eminyaka adlule, amanye amafemu amakhulu ezimoto ayenezinkampani ezingaphansi ezakha amahhanisi, kodwa lezi ziye zachithwa, ezikhathini eziningi kochwepheshe abakhulu bamahhanisi.Ezimweni eziningi, izinkampani zamahanisi zithengisela abenzi bezimoto abaningi.Isigaba esiphezulu sabakhiqizi bezintambo sihlanganisa izinkampani ezilandelayo (ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu): I-Acome, i-Delphi, i-Draexlmaier, i-Fujikura, i-Furukawa Automotive Systems, i-Kromberg ne-Schubert, i-Lear, i-Leoni, i-Sumitomo Wiring Systems, ne-Yazaki.
Lezi zinkampani zonke zinezimboni zamahhanisi ezindaweni eziningi.I-Yazaki, isibonelo, yayinabasebenzi abangu-236,000 kumasayithi angu-237 emazweni angu-43 kusukela ngoJuni 2014. Lezi zinkampani ezisezingeni eliphezulu nazo zinamabhizinisi ahlanganyelwe kanye namagatsha emazweni amaningi.Kwesinye isikhathi ama-JV noma amanxusa anamagama ezinkampani ahlukene.Isigaba sesibili sabakhi bezintambo ezizenzakalelayo sihlanganisa i-Idaco, iLorom, iLumen, i-MSSL (ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe le-Samvardhana Motherson Group kanye neSumitomo Wiring Systems), i-Yura nabanye abaningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-23-2020